History: Gutians The Unhappy Barbarous Rapacious People From The Mountains.

(509 BC Coup)- For example, Sumerian sources generally portray the Guti as an "unhappy", barbarous and rapacious people from the mountains – apparently the central Zagros east ...

The Gutians were a West Asiatic people who are thought to have lived around the Zagros Mountains in a region referred to as Gutium. They had no written language and all that is known of them comes from their enemies, including the Akkadians, Sumerians, and Assyrians, who blame them for the destruction and desolation of the land.

Ancient texts hold them responsible for the fall of the Akkadian Empire and the desolation of Sumer. They are first mentioned in Akkadian texts under the reign of Shar-Kali-Sharri (r. 2223-2198 BCE) one of the last kings of the empire founded by Sargon the Great of Akkad (r. 2334-2279 BCE) and appear in accounts of the reign of his grandson, Naram-Sin (r. 2261-2224 BCE) as well as being referenced in later works of Mesopotamian, Naru Literature, notably The Legend of Cutha and The Curse of Agade.

After the fall of the Akkadian Empire, the Gutians claimed succession and ruled in Sumer (though how widely is disputed) until the king of Uruk, Utu-Hegal (c. 2055-2047 BCE) led a revolt against them. After Utu-Hegal drowned, the kingship passed to Ur-Nammu (r. 2047-2030 BCE) of Ur who continued the war, and when he was killed in battle, his son Shulgi of Ur (r. 2029-1982 BCE) concluded hostilities, driving the Gutians from the land.