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Mission Overview
The Phobos 2 mission was launched on 12 July 1988 from Baykonur Cosmodrome. The primary objective of the mission, as with its sister probe Phobos 1, was to explore the larger of Mars' two moons, Phobos. In addition to instrumentation to explore the Martian satellites, Phobos 2 also carried instruments to study the Sun, Mars, the interplanetary medium, and gamma-ray burst sources.
The Phobos 2 spacecraft arrived at Mars on 30 January 1989, but was lost while maneuvering in Martian orbit to encounter Phobos on 27 March 1989. The loss was traced to either a failure of the on-board computer or of the radio transmitter (which was already operating on the backup power system).
Instrumentation
Originally, both Phobos spacecraft were to carry identical instrument payloads. Mass limitations required some tradeoffs so that certain instruments were carried by only one spacecraft. Phobos 2 carried a total of 25 instruments. Of those, a few were high energy detectors. A diagram of the Phobos instrumentation is included in the Phobos images page.
Science
Due to the loss of the spacecraft, much of the original science objectives were not met. However, the two months of data which were obtained did yield a number of important results. These are summarized in Goldman (1990).
Its intended mission was to explore Mars and its moons Phobos and Deimos. The mission failed on 2 September 1988 when a computer malfunction caused the end-of-mission order to be transmitted to the spacecraft. At the time of launch it was the heaviest