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European learn to speak a language, artisan skills AND other civilized knowledge of 12,000 years ago after 1.8 million years living in steppe European learn to speak a language, artisan skills N other civilized knowledge of 12,000 ago after 1.8 million years living in steppe
Proto-Indo-European (PIE). But for nearly 20 years, scholars have debated vehemently when and where PIE arose.
This week in a preprint and another scheduled for publication later this month, have now used different methods to support one leading hypothesis: that PIE was first spoken by pastoral herders who lived in the vast steppe lands north of the Black Sea. One study points out that these steppe land herders have left their genetic mark on most Europeans living today.